Banarasi Sarees: History Woven in Threads

This zari features a cotton base with a real silver coiling electroplated

The Banarasi saree, originating from Varanasi (Banaras), is one of India’s most treasured handloom traditions. Known for its opulent silk, intricate brocade work, and Mughal-inspired motifs, it is often considered a family heirloom passed down generations.

The history of Banarasi weaving dates back to the 14th century, when Persian motifs and weaving techniques were introduced during the Mughal era. The hallmark of these sarees is the use of zari—gold or silver threads woven into patterns like floral butis, jhallar borders, and paisleys. Traditionally, pure gold and silver were used, making these sarees symbols of wealth and status.

According to the Handloom Export Promotion Council (HEPC), Banarasi sarees account for a significant portion of India’s silk exports, with Varanasi employing nearly 1.2 million artisans in weaving and related crafts. Each saree can take 15 days to 6 months to complete, depending on the complexity of the design.

Banarasi sarees have received Geographical Indication (GI) status since 2009, protecting their authenticity and supporting artisan livelihoods. Bollywood and global fashion have amplified their visibility—celebrities like Deepika Padukone and Priyanka Chopra have worn Banarasi sarees at weddings and red-carpet events, while international designers have drawn inspiration from their motifs.

Beyond fashion, these sarees are living testaments to India’s cultural and artisanal heritage. Choosing a Banarasi saree is not just about elegance—it is about preserving centuries of craftsmanship and sustaining weaver communities who continue to weave history into every thread.